Scholars Medicine and Health Science Journal

Sfar K (2025) Demographic Dynamics of Aging: Economic Restructuring Through Innovations in Healthcare, Housing, Workforce, and Technology – Challenges and Opportunities. Schol Med &Health Sci J 1(1): 101.

Background:
The rapidly growing ageing population around the world poses significant economic, social, and healthcare challenges. Demographic structures that are raising life expectancy and decreasing birth rates are gradually changing structures, resulting in higher expenditures on healthcare, a shortage of labour force, and a growing need for the age-friendliness of housing and infrastructure. An economic restructuring strategy is essential to sustain the financial sustainability and social well-being of governments and industries.

Objective:
The study aims to investigate the economic impacts of ageing populations on healthcare innovation, workforce adaptation, housing solutions, technological progress, and policy to minimize their financial impact and improve the quality of life for the elderly.

Methodology:
The study conducted a qualitative thematic analysis using expert interviews. Data analysis was done through NVivo software, which generated the key themes of healthcare accessibility, labour market adaptations, technological interventions, and policy frameworks.

Results:
The findings of the study show that AI-based healthcare, telemedicine, and assistive technologies help in elderly care, but they are still experiencing access gaps. However, age discrimination is a problem that must be handled, and labour market policies that support older workers are crucial. Government intervention is needed with regard to innovative housing solutions and a sustainable pension system.

Conclusion:
Thus, for a sustainable ageing world, coordinated policy reform, technological innovation, and an economic model approach are necessary. Biotechnology and economic innovations should be researched in the future to support long-term demographic transitions.

The global ageing population is growing at an accelerating rate, primarily due to two key factors: declining birth rates and increased life expectancy. This causes many socio-economic problems and requires extensive economic restructuring. According to the projections of the United Nations (2022), the elderly population aged 65 and above will increase by two times during the 2050 time period, while most of this population growth will be concentrated between developed and developing nations [16]. The demographic transition creates overwhelming pressure on healthcare frameworks and homebuilding elements as well as workforce distributions and technological transition methods, thus demanding creative responses to preserve economic continuance and social health conditions [5]. This demographic shift leads to economic consequences, which create supplementary social security costs and transform both workforce operations and medical spending, and urban development directives worldwide [1].

Healthcare System Adaptation

Healthcare systems require essential reconstruction to meet increasing needs within adult care delivery for seniors alongside long-term medical service management and chronic disease control. The healthcare industry transforms through the integration of artificial intelligence [15] with telemedicine and digital health solutions, which leads to better and more affordable care accessibility for older patients [23]. Housing policies need to transform their strategies for older people by integrating smart home systems and community care programs [29]. The implementation of these innovative solutions creates necessary elements for ageing populations to preserve their independence, together with safety and wellness in both city and country areas [22].

Economic and Workforce Adjustments

The ageing trends in the population require economic restructuring as labor force participation rates are declining due to increasing age demographics. The challenge of ageing populations involves government and industry intervention through flexible work arrangements, lifelong learning programs, and digital skills training [1]. The combination of automation and artificial intelligence systems enables better workforce entry for senior citizens by resolving industry-wide skill deficits [8]. The economic restructuring process shows substantial differences between countries with modern economies and those with developing economies because their distribution of resources and implementation of policies and technical infrastructure operate at different paces [32].

Objectives of the study

This research explores how economic reshaping occurs because of population ageing through an analysis of healthcare advancements together with housing solutions, workforce strategies, and technological developments. An analysis of essential barriers and possibilities produces valuable information about methods that enable economic growth and enhance elderly well-being. The research employs interdisciplinarity to analyze policy reforms combined with industry advancements and worldwide best practices that develop resilient, inclusive economic frameworks for an ageing world.

Significance of the Study

The demographic shift to an ageing society constitutes socio-economic problems, including policy transformations and system adjustments in many realms of society. Therefore, this research will help to advance the concept of economic restructuring by exploring the technological solutions, workforce, healthcare, and housing for ageing populations. Through the analysis of policies and industry trends, this research offers an understanding of creating sustainable economic models that offer demographic diversities without compromising economic productivity. Moreover, it discusses the ways to increase social inclusion, the opportunities for economic participation, and productive inclusion of older people in society as well as providing them with the required support. The findings will be relevant and beneficial to policymakers, industrialists, as well as scholars interested in identifying best practices for promoting economic stability and well-being among the older population.

Literature review

Aging Populations and Economic Implications

The transition of population demographics toward older age segments leads to significant economic results that transform multiple business domains, from healthcare through housing to labour market operations. Healthcare expenditures are the primary concern when societies become older. The increase in the elderly population produces escalating demands for health services, long-term care, and chronic disease management, which drives up healthcare expenses for both public and private sectors [5]. Research shows that healthcare expenses are set to increase dramatically in nations with quick population ageing patterns, so innovative financial policies must be developed for sustainability [1]. The healthcare industry recognizes preventative medicine alongside telehealth services and home care as efficient solutions to reduce elderly healthcare expenses [23].

The needs for housing and infrastructure continue to change because of the increasing number of elderly worldwide. The lack of accessibility in traditional urban planning and housing design creates difficulties for elderly people to move around, which requires urban planners to implement age-friendly infrastructure [22]. Researchers validate that innovative housing solutions, together with community-centred care along adaptable urban environments, substantially improve the ageing population's well-being [29]. Following the lead of Japan and Sweden, governments have applied housing policies through universal design principles and digital technologies to improve older adults' independence [21].

The workforce shortage during labour market transformation stems from the ageing demographics of populations across societies. Economic growth and productivity remain at risk because the dependency ratio increases each year in numerous developed economies [16]. Government agencies, together with business ventures, initiate solutions such as deferred retirement dates and training reassignments coupled with workplace environments welcoming various age groups [1]. Developing economies experience substantial difficulties because their elderly workers encounter limited pension scheme availability alongside restricted access to formal employment positions [32]. A potential strategy for addressing workforce shortages involves the combination of automation with AI-driven solutions and digital programs to support inclusive elderly worker participation [24].

Technological Innovations for Ageing Populations

Technology has a vital role to play in making the lives of the elderly better by increasing healthcare availability, supporting the elderly’s ability to live alone, and supporting social participation. Advancements in age-tech solutions, such as assistive robotics, telehealth, wearable health monitoring, and diagnostic displays, have revolutionized elderly care [6]. For example, technologies such as presence motion sensors for controlling home devices, detection of falls and cappings, and artificial intelligence [16]-based assistants allow older people to be protected and have an active, safer life [13]. According to these recommendations, the implementation of such technologies may lower the risks of hospital re-admission and, in the long term, decrease healthcare expenses while at the same time enhancing the overall quality of life [29].

In the field of health care, the employment of technological advances like electronic health records, remote patient monitoring, and diagnostic software based on artificial intelligence primarily holds the most significant potential for elderly care [23]. The application of AI-powered healthcare analytics in countries like Germany and South Korea to ensure efficient patient care and overall health risk forecast among the elderly population are other prominent examples [1]. Telemedicine has also been an efficient solution in improving healthcare availability to the elderly in rural and underdeveloped areas who do not need physical movement [32].

Technological interventions are also being used to improve social inclusion and the mental health of ageing people. Digital literacy, virtual reality therapy, and AI avatars aim to address loneliness and cognitive impairment issues in the elderly [24]. According to previous studies, the usage of technology can improve older people’s quality of life and minimize potential risks, such as losing cognitive function and loneliness [6]. However, some barriers inhibit the use of these technological advancements, such as accessibility, lack of digital skills, and cost [13].

Gaps in Current Research

Although there has been considerable advancement in solving the economic and technological issues of an ageing population, gaps have emerged in the implementation of solutions from different fields. Much research today investigates partial solutions pertinent to health care, shelter, or the alteration of the workforce without accounting for the relations with one another [5]. For instance, the developments in the field of AI in healthcare are pretty evident. However, the impact of such approaches on the economic policies and employment policies areas is not studied enough [21].

Moreover, technological innovations targeting the ageing population are researched widely in developed countries, and scant information is available on the feasibility and costs of the developed solutions in developing countries [32]. Thus, low-income areas are unable to create massive technological change due to networks and funding, and that raises issues about global elderly care [1]. More studies have to be conducted to determine how technological developments can be incorporated into various sociological and economic environments to support ageing populations without discriminating against any of them.

However, the ethical issues that arise with the use of AI-based solutions that are employed to support eldercare deserve to be discussed more extensively. The main concerns to be addressed when employing automation and robotics in elderly care include privacy and information security emotional interactions with machines [6]. Thus, despite several benefits that can be received from AI and assistive robotics in geriatric care, the problem of dehumanization seems to stay topical in academic discussions [13]. These ethics have implications in using technologies amongst the ageing population and can only be dealt with through interdisciplinary research in policy formation.

Research Design

This study employed a qualitative thematic analysis to examine economic restructuring related to ageing populations. Thematic analysis is a widely used method in qualitative research that involves identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns within data [4]. The study followed a semi-structured interview format with 15 experts in healthcare, urban planning, workforce management, and technology. Each expert had at least five years of experience in elderly-related policies and economic adaptation strategies. To ensure validity and reliability, all interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to cross-examination by two independent analysts. NVivo software was used for systematic coding and analysis, allowing for pattern recognition and theme development based on responses [4].

Sampling and Participants

A purposive sampling approach identified 15 expert subjects with extensive professional experience across different fields. This sample size was adopted to ensure in-depth qualitative data and was manageable in terms of data collection and analysis. Each participant in the study needed to demonstrate a minimum of five years of experience working with older adult populations. To enhance the diversity of perspectives, the participants were chosen from both developed and developing nations, which helps to consider the problems and possibilities of ageing in different socio-economic contexts. A specific selection method prioritized different viewpoints among expert participants while keeping the research field in mind. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews, allowing participants to answer questions while maintaining factual links between essential topics.

Data Collection

Semi-structured interviews served as the data collection method for the study, while researchers scheduled meetings through online video conferencing systems. Open-ended questions within a structured interview protocol allowed researchers to obtain information about economic transformation and demographic innovation during each 30 to 60-minute interview session. The researchers conducted audio-recorded interviews, which they then transformed into verbatim transcripts before importing them into NVivo for systematic analysis.

Data Analysis

The data analysis initiated with data collection and transcription. Expert interviews were conducted via online video conferencing to accommodate participant availability. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim to ensure accuracy. Once transcribed, responses were reviewed meticulously to maintain the integrity of the data. The next phase involved coding and thematic development. Using NVivo software, responses were systematically coded under predefined categories. Coding focused on frequently mentioned economic challenges, emerging policy solutions, and trends in technological adoption for elderly care. This ensured that data organization was structured and meaningful in identifying critical areas of economic restructuring.

To further strengthen the analysis, cross-referencing and reliability checks were conducted. Findings were compared against existing literature on economic restructuring and ageing policies to validate the study's conclusions. Triangulation ensured credibility by cross-referencing interview responses with policy reports and global case studies. This approach helped ensure the themes identified were consistent with expert insights and aligned with existing research in the field.

Thematic Analysis Findings

Table 1 presents a thematic breakdown of research findings, categorizing the key themes, sub-themes, relevant codes, and participant responses. Healthcare Innovation & Accessibility include advancements in telemedicine, AI-based healthcare solutions, and chronic disease management. Codes were assigned to reflect accessibility, workforce shortages, and cost-efficiency concerns. Labour Market Adaptation explores age-friendly workforce policies, reskilling programs, and age discrimination challenges in employment. Housing & Urban Planning examines the effectiveness of smart home adaptations, senior-friendly housing, and co-housing initiatives. The Role of Technology focuses on AI-driven caregiving, wearable health monitoring devices, and ethical concerns associated with technology integration. Economic and Policy Implications analyzes key issues, including pension reforms, public-private partnerships, and best practices from international ageing policies. The table highlights how these themes interconnect, providing a holistic understanding of ageing population challenges.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical practice was followed in this study, as participants signed informed consent, and their identities and all collected data were kept anonymous.Participants were informed about the aim and procedure of the research, and all agreed to participate willingly. Data was kept highly confidential and was only utilized for this study. All procedures were in line with the ethical standards to ensure bias and minimize risk.

Healthcare Innovation and Accessibility

One mutual theme that was highlighted in the analysis was the increasing need for more healthcare solutions to cater to the rising ageing population in various societies. Regarding future trends, the participants pointed out that telemedicine, diagnostics with the support of artificial intelligence, and remote monitoring have become critical in the further management of elderly healthcare needs. Topol (2019) has it that through the use of AI in health care, diagnostic errors can be prevented while improving the effectiveness of care provided to the elderly [23]. Haimi & Gesser-Edelsburg [9] also point out that telehealth has enhanced access to healthcare among the elderly, more so in rural areas [9].

Nonetheless, some of the respondents expressed concerns that these innovations were expensive and may not be affordable for low-income elderly persons. Heller [11] has claimed that although there are a number of advantages of digital health interventions, the issue is that they are not equally accessible to all ageing people due to socio-economic factors [11]. Moreover, shortages of the workforce to attend to the elderly were highlighted as a concern in support. WHO [30] noted that there is a need to enlist human resources and train health workers in elderly care [30].

Labour Market Adaptation to an Ageing Workforce

Another identified theme was the availability and affordability of jobs for the ageing population and the entailed workforce transformation process. The World Employment Review observed that most companies are struggling to find employees in different sectors because experienced and long-serving employees are retiring.

Some respondents pointed out the need to offer reskilling activities and phased retirement solutions so as to maintain the experienced employees within the organizations while at the same time passing knowledge to the next generation. This is in light of the fact that Marabini and Henkens [14] assert that implementing policies on ageing workers in organizations improves the availability of diversity and organization performance [14]. Furthermore, the interviews unveiled that integrating telework, flexible employment, and mentorship programs are some of the emerging ways of retaining elder employees [25].

Nonetheless, participants reported some potential barriers to employment for elderly people due to cases of age discrimination and technological diversity that hamper the elderly from transacting various tasks on the internet. According to Alon-Shenker [2], it is crucial to give credit to the knowledge that older employees bring. Still, they, unfortunately, undergo unfair treatment in relation to hiring and promotions because of their age to warrant improvements in the policies in this [2].

Housing and Urban Planning for Ageing Populations

Housing and urban planning became an emergent topic as most of the speakers spoke of age-friendly infrastructure and Housing First. Moreover, the study showed that elderly citizens require affordable housing, home automation, and available public transportation in order to improve their quality of life. This is in agreement with Sixsmith & Sixsmith [22] in their assertion that the built environment in cities requires necessary modifications to suit the demographic characteristics that are currently in existence [22].

Participants also examined the increased prevalence of mixed-generation homes and co-housing that promotes the social integration of older adults. As van Hoof [27] stated, it is possible to enhance the elderly’s living conditions, both mental and physical health, through community-based arrangements [27]. However, the interviewees also noted that there was a lack of adequate and affordable housing, particularly for low-income seniors; Pynoos et al. [20] also identified this issue with ageing and housing policy [20].

Role of Technology in Elderly Care

One potentially rated focal issue that emerged from the interviews is the rising trend in the use of technology to assist in the management of elderly care. In general, most respondents agreed that smart home technologies, AI-assisted caregiving, and healthcare wearables were transforming elder care by increasing elderly people’s independence and security. Peek et al.[19] have also described that healthcare technology in smart homes enables seniors to continue living independently since their routine and health activities are automated [19].

Respondents were optimistic about the development of robotics and AI assistants as a better solution to the problem of care provider shortage. Vercelli [28] agrees with this assertion; there is evidence that shows that robotic caregivers help perform routine tasks, hence relieving human caregivers [28]. Also, digital health technologies, particularly the first-stage diagnosis systems, were viewed as very useful in dealing with chronic diseases among the elderly.

However, there are some issues that interviewees have highlighted based on the ethical and privacy aspects of AI as well as data protection in elderly care. Morley [15] pointed out that the use of AI for health monitoring is a subject of a number of concerns, such as data privacy and algorithms’ biases, which must be regulated with high standards [15].

Economic and Policy Implications

The last theme that was revealed in the study was the economic and policy consequences of the ageing population. Some of the highlights include suggestions to fix Anbang, pension systems that are expensive and unsustainable, healthcare funding schemes that are also unsustainable, and social welfare programs.

Most economists called upon governments to encourage public-private partnerships and other sustainable finance models in order to support economic balance and affordability to cater to an ageing population. According to Barr [3] long-term care insurance and tax incentives for private investments are benefits that governments must support and promote in elder care services [3]. The participants also considered that adaptation of the best practices could be effective in the case of developing an effective policy for an ageing population; in particular, the Scandinavian countries and Japan have functioning standards of ageing policies that focus on work activity and the system of healthcare support for elderly people [10].

In addition, participants mentioned the necessity of state-sanctioned research and funding aimed at anti-ageing treatments that, in addition to profit-making, could help increase healthy life expectancy and decrease the costs of ageing. According to, investing in biotechnology and regenerative medicine may offer a paradigm shift in ageing along with economic stability in several decades [7].

The economic restructuring of ageing populations presents a significant challenge for policymakers, businesses, and healthcare systems globally. In line with advances in the global demographic landscape, which features a rise in the number of individuals aged 65 and above to double by 2050, economies need to adjust to higher social security costs, declining workforce participation, and rising demand for healthcare and housing solutions [7]. The demographic transformation requires new ways of working based on healthcare progress, adjustment of the labour market, and use of technology to ensure economic sustainability and social well-being.

However, with the increase in chronic disease prevalence and increasing demand for long-term care, the healthcare systems are under high strain. This has led to an integrated response involving artificial intelligence [16], telemedicine, and digital health solutions that have expanded the ability of the elderly to access health services and, at the same time, minimized the costs of development and absolute dependence on physical health facilities [23]. AI diagnostics, remote patient monitoring, and robotic caregiving have proved to have the most potential to improve elderly care or make the elderly care service more efficient by lowering hospital re-admission rates and improving patient outcomes [1]. However, people in low-income and rural elderly populations still have poor access to digital healthcare. This lack of access leads to inequalities not only in healthcare but also in employment because anyone with health issues and restricted access to healthcare cannot work because of their ill health. Many older adults, however, present significant hindrances to the use of telehealth services due to the digital divide; this magnifies healthcare inequities [11]. In addition, the lack of healthcare professionals in geriatric care makes these issues even more acute. The World Health Organization [30] states that a more significant investment in workforce training is necessary to fill this gap. It states that the policy should encourage recruitment and retention of healthcare providers in elderly care [30].

Turning to the second reason for an age-wave crisis, transformations of the labour market are no less essential to deal with the economic problems of an ageing population. However, the declining participation of older workers risks economic growth and productivity. Thus, focused efforts are necessary to be made to keep and support ageing employees. Technological advancement in healthcare provides better solutions such as telemedicine and wearable health technology, thus, it is enabling the older workers to stay longer in the workforce as they cater for their chronic diseases effectively. The interconnection between health care and workforce participation underlines the importance of the integration of digital health into employment regulations [1]. Marabini [14] illustrates that human resource policies focused on including aged employees have positive outcomes on organizational performance by capitalizing on the aged employees’ experience and expertise [14].

Nevertheless, discrimination against these workers in the workplace constitutes a significant barrier to them staying in the labour force. In hiring and promotion processes, ageism often prevents capable, experienced professionals from finding jobs [2]. Addressing these biases, policies aimed towards the promotion of anti-discrimination laws, digital reskilling programs, and mentorship initiatives are essential in the construction of a more inclusive labour market. Moreover, investing in homes for employees that enable aging support features such as mobility and health monitoring within homes can also add to productivity retention by reducing household care stresses [25].

The economic restructuring of ageing societies also raises other demands for age-friendly housing and urban infrastructure. Since traditional housing models support very little mobility and accessibility in terms of elderly people, innovative housing solutions and community-based care models should be developed [22]. Japan and Sweden have achieved the success of universal design principles for independent living among older adults, and digital technologies have been used to improve home safety and accessibility [21]. There is a vital link between housing and workforce availability. When older adults possess homes that are safe, technologically integrated, they enhance their ability to continue to work, especially under the emerging remote or hybrid working arrangements. Telemedicine integration in smart homes also helps to retain health among older persons and enables them to work and contribute to the economy. Despite this, affordability continues to be a significant barrier since many low-income seniors are unable to afford suitable housing. The problem of the affordability of senior housing compounds its reliance on institutional care, thereby adding a burden to the public healthcare systems [20]. Addressing these challenges, therefore, relies on government incentives and subsidies for age-friendly housing development to accommodate elderly populations and allow them to continue living with the highest possible level of independence and quality of life [27].

Technological advances can help reduce the economic impact of ageing populations by improving Healthcare delivery, enhancing the workforce, and enabling independent living. In elderly care, AI-driven assistive technologies, wearable health monitoring technologies, and robotic caregiving solutions have transformed elderly care by conducting real-time health tracking and emergency response [6]. These innovations, in particular, have proved increasingly helpful in tackling the workforce shortage in geriatric care and have provided support to human caregivers in performing routine tasks and providing continuous monitoring of the patient [28]. In addition, as digital health is increasingly adopted, older individuals can continue to work longer, and employers can incorporate AI-based digital health platforms into corporate wellness initiatives and create a sustainable and healthy workforce.

Though these are the benefits, there are ethical issues related to data privacy, AI biases, and human-machine interaction that should be strictly handled. As AI is becoming more dependent on elderly care, this creates issues with the protection of health-sensitive data, along with the threat of dehumanization in caregiving [35]. To balance the potential for AI to benefit older people with the ethical deployment of AI in healthcare, policymakers need to develop strong regulatory frameworks and policies that preserve older people’s needs and preferences amid supportive technological advancements.

 An ageing population has more implications than labour market adjustments and financial planning; the implications relate to social security sustainability and economic issues. Scandinavian countries and Japan have offered themselves as models of sustainable ageing policies using public-private partnerships to reduce long-term care costs [10]. New housing policies integrated with AI solutions for the workforce in these countries exemplify the successful strategy towards ageing and sustainability for both the economy and social factors. Besides, anti-ageing research and biotechnology act as a potential avenue to offset the economic burden of ageing. In the case of regenerative medicine and life extension technologies, healthy life expectancy could be increased, reducing healthcare expenditure and raising the working time of older adults [7]. These developments are promising but require vast amounts of financial and regulatory support to deliver scientific progress into economic gains.

The economic restructuring of the ageing population is a multilayered issue that requires coordination of healthcare, labour market, housing, and technology innovation. While a lot has been done to effectively bring AI-driven healthcare solutions, age-inclusive workforce policies, and innovative housing to the public, there are still many years of work ahead to tackle some key barriers to affordability, accessibility, and ethics. It is, therefore, critical that the telemedicine practice is used to enable workforce participation; the policies regarding the workforce are made to ensure they support facilitating ageing and technological advancement to enhance economic sustainably. Therefore, governments, businesses, and research institutions have to work together and develop a sustainable economic framework for the contribution of the ageing population to the potential contribution of potential contributions and mitigate the financial and social challenges stemming from demographic transitions. Future research should examine the integration of technological innovation with policy reform so that the economic systems will maintain the participation of older adults as active and valued contributors in the systems. The financial resilience and well-being of elderly individuals all over the world will be largely dependent upon the adoption of evidence-based strategies.

In conclusion, comprehensive strategies for the economic restructuring of an ageing population in health care, labour markets, housing, and policy are necessary to offset the rising social and financial pressures. However, progress in AI for healthcare, especially in telemedicine and assistive technologies for the elderly, is occurring. Yet, these innovations can’t be accessed and used by all as they are not affordable. Flexible employment and reskilling programs are workforce adaptations that support older workers, while the elimination of age discrimination remains a significant challenge. Independent ageing through innovative housing solutions and community-based living, however, can be promoted but is constrained by affordability issues. It is necessary to develop sustainable pension systems and public-private partnerships to handle long-term care costs. However, global disparities make developed nations the exception case when it comes to ageing-friendly policies. Biotechnology and economic models that prolong healthy life expectancy and minimize healthcare burdens can be studied further for future research. To ensure financial stability and promote a higher level of living for the elderly, a coordinated effort must be made across many sectors.

Future Research Directions

Healthcare advancement is crucial for aging sustainably, which demands increased access to telemedicine, accurate diagnostic applications based on artificial intelligence, and more investment in geriatric education due to workforce gaps.

Flexible work and retirement patterns such as telework, phased retirement, and digital upskilling of the elderly workforce can be effective for employment policies for its elderly population while improving laws on age discrimination.

Adequate housing and urban layouts should encourage co-housing, innovative senior housing, and better facilities for mobility, such as public transport.

The lack of ethical decision-making in Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires preserving privacy, a fair distribution of algorithmic rewards and punitive measures, and digital education among elder citizens.

Governmental changes should involve enhancing the development of public and private pension systems, financing anti-ageing technologies, and borrowing experience from Japanese and Scandinavian countries to create a stable financial environment and improve the quality of life.

In the case of low-income and developing regions, future research should be directed toward efficient and affordable telemedicine solutions, appropriately scalable AI solutions, and housing.

Intersectoral cooperation between governments, international organizations, and the private sphere is crucial to fill the gaps in access to healthcare, employment of the elderly, and housing to enhance their quality of life.

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